Pallet rack layout for maximum utilization of warehouse space and material handling vary significantly based upon picking activity and inventory control. Generally speaking, inventory storage and management is classified in four categories: high pick/high storage, high pick/low storage, low pick/high storage and low pick/low storage. Each configuration has it’s unique requirements, layout and installation methodology. This introductory article explains at a high level typical applications by end-user needs and it’s associated solution. Additional information on layout and installation considerations such as floor loading, permitting and seismic issues are available through Material Handling Industry Association (MHIA).
High Pick/High Storage
Typically seen in warehouse distribution centers, the pallet rack layout is designed for complex automated material handling equipment. High density compact mobile storage systems may be designed to increase storage space while tracking, via bar code scanners, multiple SKU’s in close proximity. In this configuration, the pallet rack installation would be mounted carriages that move on rails.
High Pick/Low Storage
This application is typically associated with lighter loads and manual inventory retrieval management found in law office archives, laboratory specimen storage, law enforcement evidence storage and museums. Lateral filing, rotary files, art racks and movable panels are common solutions. Larger applications with limited storage space may be enhanced by automated high density compact mobile storage solutions. Unlike warehouse applications, additional safety features such as motion detectors and emergency power cut-offs are installed to protect its users.
Low Pick/High Storage
Maximum storage capacity rules the day for inventory management in this environment. The pallet rack layout is almost always designed for heavy duty racking & decking, reinforced cross beams, high capacity forklifts, overhead cranes and re-enforced floor loading requirements.
Low Pick/Low Storage
Material handling in this case in the least complex and, other than the use of a powered/non-powered hand truck, all activity is manual. Pallets are stacked in a layout that may be altered throughout the day.
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